Italy

Italy, officially referred to as the Italian Republic, stands as a country nestled at the convergence of Southern and Western Europe. Embraced by the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy predominantly comprises a peninsula framed by the towering Alps and adorned with a myriad of encompassing islands. Encompassing an area of approximately 301,340 square kilometers (116,350 square miles), this land shares its borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia and includes the enclaved city-states of Vatican City and San Marino. Notably, it boasts a territorial exclave within Switzerland known as Campione and boasts an archipelago, the Pelagie Islands, situated on the African Plate.