Located in Toledo, the historic synagogue building is a symbol of the prosperity of the Jewish people in the region, as well as a true masterpiece of Spanish architecture from the Middle Ages. The construction of the synagogue, which bears the name del Transito, dates back to 1356. A prime example of Jewish art in Spain, the building is so striking in its richness of decoration, both interior and exterior, that it can be compared to the Alcázar of Seville and the Alhambra in Granada. At one time the synagogue was home to many members of the Jewish people.
The synagogue was founded by the treasurer of King Pedro the Cruel, Samuel Abulafia, who came from a family that had served the dynasty of Castilian kings for generations. In 1360, the founder of the synagogue fell into disgrace and was executed by order of the king. After the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, the synagogue was transformed into the Church of the Assumption, dedicated to St Benedict, and a bell tower was added to the building.
The synagogue building is clad in polychrome plaster and is full of Hebrew inscriptions praising God and the king, as well as many quotations from the Psalms. The inner walls of the building are richly decorated with patterns and intricate ornaments, and the 12-metre high cedar ceiling is inlaid with mother-of-pearl details. Inside the synagogue is the Sephardic Museum, where visitors can learn more about the history of the Jewish people who lived in Spain, as well as see works of Jewish art, manuscripts and ritual objects.
In 1977, the Synagogue del Transito was declared a National Monument.
